Existing and estimated time
Chapter 59’s title distinguishes existing and estimated time, inviting investigation of movement, existence and reckoning. Translating “time” into one fixed modern physical concept is insufficient: contexts range across measurement, cosmic order and spiritual experience.
Days, breath and renewal
Ayyām al-shaʾn, Chapter 198 on breath and discussions of the divine week provide further routes. Track each term in context, comparing day, moment, dahr and breath rather than making them synonymous. Renewed creation raises questions of continuing dependence upon the Creator and the relationship between continuity and change.
A modern study and research programme
Mohamed Haj Yousef’s Ibn ‘Arabî — Time and Cosmology studies these themes; his Single Monad Model and Duality of Time Theory develop an interpretation further. Distinguish the historical text, the researcher’s interpretation and the proposed physical formulation. Modern studies follows that connection while keeping the model’s assumptions and results attributed to its author.
Related Futūḥāt chapters
Sources and further reading
The source language appears beside each link. External books and sources may remain in their original languages.
- أيام الشأن العربية
- Ibn ‘Arabî — Time and Cosmology English
- The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos English