Articles
Read the argument before quoting the sentence
A practical way to keep an extract attached to its speaker, question, and surrounding argument.
ExploreThe Meccan Revelations
Articles
English introductions and reading tools, with clear links to the primary sources.
Articles
Keep a translation notebook
Track difficult terms and alternative renderings without flattening their context.
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Compare text and image carefully
What the Cairo–Konya links establish, and what still requires reading the manuscript.
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Source text, commentary and scholarship
Choose evidence according to the claim you are making and make the chain of transmission visible.
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Quotation boundaries: omissions, additions and explanation
Keep the source’s wording separate from paraphrase and make editorial interventions visible.
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When is a passage ready for translation?
Prepare the Arabic wording, references and terminology before deciding on foreign-language equivalents.
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How to record a difference between witnesses
Describe the evidence before choosing a preferred reading.
ExploreThe Arabic library contains additional material. Browse the Arabic articles.