Yazma cildi 20 · Sayfa 165

وسقاه»، هٰذا قول الشارع فيه. فهٰذا من الرحمة المبطونة فيه، أعني في النسيان.

وكذٰلك ما نسي من القرآن ولم يتذكر فينقل إلينا، فيكون زيادة علينا في التكليف، فرحم عباده بذٰلك.

وقد كان صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «اتركوني ما تركتكم» وقال: «لو قلت نعم»، للسائل عن الحج في كل عام، «لوجبت».

وكانت الأحكام تحدث بحدوث السؤال عن النوازل، فكان غرض النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حين علم ذٰلك أن يمتنع الناس عن السؤال ويجرون مع طبعهم حتى يكون الحق هو الذي يتولى من تنزيل الأحكام ما شاء.

فكانت الواجبات والمحظورات تقل، وتبقى الكثرة في قبيل المباحات التي لا يتعلق بها أجر ولا وزر.

(التعليل وتكثير الأحكام)

فأبت النفوس قبول ذٰلك وأن تقف عند الأحكام المنصوص عليها، فأثبتت لها عللا، وجعلتها مقصودة للشارع وطردتها وألحقت المسكوت عنه في الحكم بالمنطوق به بعلة جامعة بينهما اقتضاها نظر الجاعل المجتهد.

ولو لم يفعل، لبقي المسكوت عنه على أصله من الإباحة والعافية؛ فكثرت الأحكام بالتعليل وطرد العلة والقياس والرأي والاستحسان. ﴿وما كانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٦٤].

(الرخص وتقليد المجتهدين)

ولكن بحمد الله جعل الله في ذٰلك رحمة أخرى لنا، لولا أن الفقهاء حجرت هذه الرحمة على العامة بإلزامهم إياها مذهب

and given him drink”: this is the Lawgiver’s saying concerning him. This is part of the mercy hidden within it, meaning forgetfulness.

Likewise there is what was forgotten of the Qurʾan and not recalled: its transmission to us would have added to our obligations. Through this He showed His servants mercy.

He, may God bless him and grant him peace, would say, “Leave me as long as I leave you.” To the one asking about Hajj every year, he said, “Had I said yes, it would have become obligatory.”

Rulings arose as questions arose concerning occurrences. Knowing this, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, intended that people refrain from questioning and proceed with their nature until the Real Himself undertook to send down whatever rulings He willed.

Obligations and prohibitions would thus be few, and the greater number would remain among permissible things, to which neither reward nor burden of sin attaches.

(Assigning Rationales and Multiplying Rulings)

Selves refused to accept this and to stop at expressly stated rulings. They assigned rationales to them, made these the Lawgiver’s intention, extended them, and attached what was unspoken to what was spoken in its ruling through a shared rationale required by the consideration of the one exercising judgment who assigned it.

Had he not done this, what was unspoken would have remained upon its original permissibility and exemption. Rulings thus multiplied through assigning rationales, extending the rationale, analogy, opinion, and juristic preference. “Your Lord is not forgetful” [Maryam 19:64].

(Concessions and Following Those Who Exercise Judgment)

Praise be to God, God placed another mercy for us in this—had the jurists not restricted this mercy for the common people by binding them to the school of