well known according to the manner conveyed. Their excellence returns to the reciter insofar as the verse is uttered in recitation, not insofar as it is God’s speech. In this there is no difference of excellence. Difference concerns what He spoke, not His speech. Know this.
(Justice, Independent Interpretation, and the Revealed Law’s Breadth)
This first Pole’s state is that he influences the world outwardly and inwardly. God strengthens this religion through him, manifesting him through the sword and protecting him from injustice. He judges through justice, the Real’s ruling in particular cases.
Some adherents of legal schools may oppose his ruling, such as Shafi‘is, Malikis, Hanafis, Hanbalis, and those affiliated with an imam’s position whom this Pole does not agree with in judgment, while he is an outward vicegerent.
If he judges contrary to what these imams’ proofs require, their followers declare his judgment erroneous and unquestionably sin before God, ‘while unaware.’ They may not declare an independent interpreter wrong, for according to them the correct one is a single, unspecified one.
One whose state is this must not venture to declare a scholar among the Muslim scholars wrong.
As some spoke concerning the commandership of Usama and his father Zayd ibn Haritha, until the Messenger of God, God’s blessings and peace be upon him, said what he said concerning it.
If criticism falls upon one whom
