The Meccan Revelations

Manuscript volume 13 · Page 305

Konya manuscript

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Arabic

أمير المؤمنين. وموت أسود، وهو تحمل الأذى، وموت أحمر، وهو مخالفة النفس في أغراضها، وهو لأهل الملامية.

(حد الجوع المشروع)

فالجوع المطلوب في الطريق هو للسالكين جوع اختيار لتقليل فضول الطبع، ولطلب السكون عن الحركة إلى الحاجة؛ فإن علا فلطلب الصفة الصمدية. وحده عندنا صوم يوم، فإن زاد فإلى السحر. هٰذا هو الجوع المشروع الاختياري[54]، وما لنا طريق إلى الله إلا على الوجه المشروع.

ولو لا إن الله جعل هٰذا حد المصلحة في عموم خلقه لما وقته إلى هٰذا القدر؛ فلا يكون الإنسان في الزيادة عليه أعلم بمصالح الجوع في العبد من ربه، هٰذا غاية سوء الأدب. فإن كان ممن يطعم ويسقى في مبيته وفنائه، ويجد أثر ذٰلك في قوته وصحة عقله وحفظ مزاجه، فليواصل ما شاء؛ فإنه ليس بصاحب جوع، وكلامنا في الجوع.

وإن كان أيضا ممن يستغرقه حال ووارد قوي يحول بينه وبين الطعام، كأبي عقال، فإن كان صاحب فائدة فهي المطلوب، وإن لم يكن فذٰلك مرض يعرض حاله على الأطباء، وما ذٰلك مطلب القوم.

وأما جوع الأكابر فجوع اضطرار؛ فإن الذي ينتجه الجوع قد حصل لهم ملكة لا تزول عنهم في حال جوع ولا شبع. فلم يبق إلا التقليل ولكن من الحلال، إما للنشاط في الطاعات وإما لخفة الحساب.

فإن النبي

Notes

[54]

(يقيد المؤلف الجوع المطلوب هنا بالاتباع وبقاء القوة وصحة العقل والمزاج؛ ثم ينفي أن يكون المرض المانع من الطعام غرضا للطريق.)

English

Commander of the Faithful. There is black death, bearing injury, and red death, opposing the self in its aims. This belongs to the People of Blame.

(The Limit of Prescribed Hunger)

For wayfarers, the hunger sought upon the path is chosen hunger, to reduce Nature’s excesses and seek stillness from moving to satisfy need. If it rises higher, it seeks the attribute of self-sufficiency. Its limit, according to us, is fasting a day, or, if extended, until predawn. This is prescribed, chosen hunger.[54] We have no way to God except according to what is prescribed.

Had God not made this the limit of benefit for His creation generally, He would not have assigned it this measure. In exceeding it, a human being cannot know the benefits of hunger for the servant better than his Lord. This is the utmost poor courtesy. If he is among those fed and given drink in his night abode and annihilation, and finds its effect in his strength, soundness of intellect, and preservation of temperament, let him continue as long as he wishes. He is not one possessing hunger, while our subject is hunger.

Likewise, if a state and a powerful incoming so absorb him as to stand between him and food, as with Abu ʿIqal, then, if he possesses a benefit, that is what is sought. If not, this is an illness whose case is to be presented to physicians. That is not the folk’s goal.

The hunger of the greatest, however, is involuntary hunger. What hunger produces has become for them an established disposition that remains with them both in hunger and in satiation. There remains only reducing the amount, but of what is lawful, either for vigor in acts of obedience or for a lighter reckoning.

The Prophet,

Notes

[54]

(The author restricts the hunger sought here through following the example and preserving strength, soundness of intellect, and temperament. He then denies that illness preventing food is a goal of the path.)

Translator’s note TN4059-1: The text distinguishes customary hunger, jūʿ al-ʿāda, from hunger of nature, jūʿ al-ṭabīʿa, named in the next chapter. Its limits concern prescribed fasting, preserved strength, intellect and temperament, and the stated distinction between benefit and illness.

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Cairo source reference

Ibn al-Arabi, The Meccan Revelations — Manuscript volume 13 · Page 305 — https://www.futmak.com/english/konya/pages.php?id=4059&text=both