Volumen del manuscrito 9 · Página 3

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وصل في فصل زكاة الإبل

الزكاة فيها بالاتفاق، وقدرها ونصابها مذكور في أحكام الشريعة.

وصل الاعتبار

حكم الشارع على الإبل إنها شياطين، فأوجب فيها الزكاة لتطهر بذٰلك من هذه النسبة؛ إذ الزكاة مطهرة رب المال من صفة البخل.

الشَّيطنة: (هي) البعد؛ يقال بئر شطون إذا كانت بعيدة القعر. وسمي الشيطان (شيطانا) لبعده من رحمة الله، لما ﴿أَبى واسْتَكْبَرَ وكانَ من الْكافِرِينَ﴾.

والأفعال والأعمال إذا لم تنسب إلى الله فقد أبعدت عن الله؛ فوجبت الزكاة فيها وهو ما لله فيها من الحق، بردها إليه سبحانه. فإذا ردت إليه اكتست حلة الحسن، فقيل: أفعال الله كلها حسنة.

فالزكاة واجبة على المعتزلي من حيث اعتقاده خلق أعمال العباد لهم، والأشعري تجب عليه الزكاة لإضافة كسبه في العمل إلى نفسه.

(اعتبار اختلاف الصنف في الزكاة)

وكان في كل خمس ذود شاة. والخمس هو عين الزكاة من الورق وهو

In the name of God, the All-Merciful, the Ever-Merciful.

Continuation on the Almsgiving of Camels

There is agreement that almsgiving is due on them. Its amount and threshold are set out in the rulings of the revealed Law.

Continuation on the Inward Application

The Lawgiver has judged camels to be devils. He therefore made almsgiving due on them to cleanse them of this ascription, just as almsgiving cleanses the holder of wealth of miserliness.

Being devilish means being distant. A well with a distant bottom is called shaṭūn. The devil is called shayṭān because of his distance from God’s mercy when he “refused, grew proud, and was among the disbelievers.”

When acts and works are not ascribed to God, they are made distant from God. Almsgiving is therefore due upon them, namely giving God His right in them by returning them to Him, glory be to Him. Once they are returned to Him, they are clothed in beauty, and it is said that all God’s acts are beautiful.

Almsgiving is thus obligatory for the Muʿtazilī insofar as he believes that the servants create their own acts. It is obligatory for the Ashʿarī because he ascribes the acquisition in his act to himself.

(The Inward Application of a Difference of Kind in Almsgiving)

For every five camels, one sheep was due. Five is also the amount of almsgiving on silver, which is